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Strange Interlude

This National Theatre production in the Lyttelton Theatre was, without question, the best play I saw in London of the 23 plays I sampled. With an ornate set, smart direction, and a superb cast, this 85 year old play felt relevant, topical, and surprisingly fresh, despite its three-and-a-half performance time. Little wonder it won the Pultizer Prize in 1928.

     With its recent American productions, the National Theatre's presentation of Strange Interlude by Eugene O'Neill feels surprisingly modern and fresh though set in the 20s and 30s. With a vibrant quartet of actors that advance through two decades of ever changing alliances and love affairs, O'Neill explores timeless questions about love, what it demands, and what sacrifices it entails when things don't go well. With its dramatic asides, incredible sets, sublime acting and excellent direction, the play allows us into each character's inner thoughts in a way that lightens the drama while developing character.

     The play begins in the study of one Professor Henry Leeds, father of Nina, but the first character on stage is Charles Marsden, one of many men who will love Nina. The first true love of her life, the professor is not well, though whether this is from age or guilt isn't clear. He persuaded Nina to postpone her marriage to the second great love of her life, the never-seen Gordon, who signs up for war and is killed. By the second scene, we find Charles consoling a grieving Nina, and the remaining two great men of her life enter. Dr. Edmund "Ned" Darrell has watched Nina throw herself into her nursing duties as a catharsis for never fulfilling her love with Gordon, but Ned also finds her throwing herself indiscriminately at men in an attempt to feel something, anything. He suggests to Charles that Nina needs to marry and have children quickly to satisfy that motherly need to sacrifice. Charles is hoping that Ned is thrusting Nina on Charles, but Ned instead proposes the hapless Sam Evans, a doting prat who worships the ground Nina walks on. Charles succumbs, advises Nina to marry Sam, thwarting his own desires, and Nina, who trusts Charles like her own father, acquiesces.

     Ironically enough, it's the third and fourth scenes that propel the pot into a captivating yarn. After a few months of wedded bliss, Sam's mother delivers a bombshell. Insanity runs in the Evans family, and Mrs. Evans begs Nina not to get pregnant for a long time because Sam's birth so early in the marriage drove Sam's father insane. Mrs. Evans naturally hid all this from Sam, who knows nothing of his family history. Nina, already pregnant, now understands with sickening clarity that she must abort her baby, the one thing she needed most, to save her husband. This action makes her loathe her weak husband, but Mrs. Evans isn't finished shocking her daughter-in-law: she suggests that Nina take a lover so that Nina might have the child she wants but break the line of insanity. No one need ever know, and Sam would be happy. Nina already has the man in mind, and Ned becomes the father of her future son.

O'Neil's second act masterfully explores multiple facets of the increasingly complicated quartet. Nina raises her son Gordon, Sam becomes a wildly successful businessman as he grows into fatherhood, Ned wants Nina all to himself and disappears for years at a time to get over her, and poor Charles, who suspects all that goes on, ages into a benign presence while Gordon grows into adulthood. Young Gordon eventually sees his Mom and Ned embrace and understands why "Uncle Ned" is always around. It takes Sam's unexpected death to bring things full circle. Gordon, now an adult, forgives his Mom and Ned for falling on love, and Nina settles down into a mature, restful relationship with poor old Charles, as they face the twilight years of their life.

     This highly complicated plot is suffused with a dramatic element called the aside, sometimes called an internal monologue, where the character reveals some thought in their head either directly to the audience or out of sequence with the actions in a scene. Here it masterfully allows the audience to see the internal struggles each character faces, allowing us to see what they think of each other and of themselves. Most crucially it lightens the tension so prevalent everywhere. More then once, Nina says "Dear old Charlie" to which Charlie responds despondently, "God damn dear old Charlie" like a wounded soul who'll never fulfill his love. O'Neill lets us see how these four souls, despite their jealousies and the jagged feelings, deeply care for each other and never revert to spilling secrets that will destroy lives. Not all characters deliver their asides in the same manner, but they do so in ways consistent with their character, and it works.

     Without four, supremely confident actors and a skilled director, this complex play would flounder. Jason Watkins makes Sam a lovable dweeb who is transformed into a confident master with Gordon's birth. His death is all the more heart-felt because of the genuine person he becomes. Darren Pettie, as Ned, captures great contradictions, wanting to tell Sam about Gordon, but not wanting to hurt Sam or Gordon. As Charles, the mother's boy, Charles Edwards brings poignancy to his part, the constant fourth wheel, but his comic timing is impeccable, at one moment shouting to the audience a question they've all asked, "What am I doing here?" Anne-Marie Duff as Nina, however, is the glue holding the three men and the play together. Duff is believable when she seduces Ned, when she curses Sam's mother for suggesting an abortion, when she belittles Gordon's fiancée, and when she stops Ned from telling Gordon who his father really is once Sam has died. It's a part Bette Davis would have savored, and Duff doesn't disappoint. Director Simon Godwin has wrestled great performances from all his cast members, but making us care, loathe, pity, and even hate all four of them at some point is the hallmark of holding a mirror up to life successfully.

     If that weren't enough, the set design exquisitely uses every inch of the stage, and the lighting fostered appropriate moods for different scenes. Soutra Gilmour's lovingly designed set for Act I splits the stage in thirds that rotate clockwise, becoming the Leeds study, Mrs. Evans' kitchen, and finally Sam Evans' summer home. In one brilliant move, Simon Godwin advances from the Leeds study to the Summer home, but as Mrs. Evans' kitchen passes, we see Geraldine Alexander as Mrs. Evans sitting alone by candlelight; it's a lovely touch. Act II keeps only the summer home briefly before it is replaced entirely with an art deco shell surrounding the staircase of the successful Evans family home. Then the crew effortlessly remove the shell to bring a yacht on the stage; when the yacht is turned around, it becomes the pier near the home after the funeral. The silvery panels for most of Act II reflect whatever color is mood appropriate: sunny blue for the yacht; rose for the Evans' home; violet sunset for the beach as the play closes. In that final moment, Charles finally gets his wish fulfilled, to nurture and take care of Nina in her remaining days. He holds her tenderly and kisses her forehead as the lights fade, an effective ending to the O'Neill play.

The Amen Corner

This National Theatre production in the Olivier Theatre has much to recommend it. A stellar, multi-leveled set, engaging music, and a female-dominated cast led by Marianne Jean-Baptiste, it's a good production that falls just a hair's breath short of greatness, though not for lack of trying. 

     The Amen Corner marks something unique for the National Theatre: a Harlem-based play in the heart of Shakespeare. A predominantly black play about a female pastor, her wayward husband, her wandering son, and her less than well-meaning congregation, this play doesn't sound like typical London fare, and yet it works on many levels. Plays often center on the sound and fury of family dynamics that it wouldn't matter if these were Eskimos, Baptists, Indians, or people from Beverly Hills 90210. That it falls short of greatness, of completely gripping the audience doesn't mean there aren't gems to enjoy in this nicely staged show.

     The author James Baldwin and director Rufus Norris have constructed parallel worlds of a pastor seemingly at peace with her life as a congregational leader, and yet her family life crumbles when her long-absent husband re-enters the picture. Reinforcing this duality is set designer Ian MacNeil whose two-story set captures the rampant symbolism of God above and the Devil below, with the Church at the top and all the human troubles in the house below. In that house lives a repressive pastor, her seriously ill husband Luke, and her troubled son David, who doesn't know what's true anymore. Sister Margaret runs her church with an iron will to make up for the mess that was her marriage, a disastrous union of an alcoholic jazz player with a wife who wanted something more stable. The death of their second child, born dead from malnutrition, destroyed the final ties uniting them and she fled to the safety of the Lord and His embrace. Now the son is torn, desiring to embark on his own so he doesn't repeat his father's mistakes or grow to hate his mother. This coming of age tale also throws in a sinful congregation that takes too much glee in Sister Margaret's woes and ultimately plots her overthrow.

     Strong black women are the rule in such plays, and here all the women enrich their characters with texture and depth. TV, film, and stage actress Marianne Jean-Baptiste fills Sister Margaret with a stern brow but allows the cracks in the armor to show nicely by the end. As her sister and protector Odessa, Sharon D. Clark adds a rock solid presence, a world-weary soul who never found time for men. Jacqueline Boatswain is an effectively catty Sister Boxer, but Cecilia Noble, in a voice similar to Loretta Devine, walks all over the stage, or church floor, as Sister Moore, a soul sister who often denies evil thoughts by proclaiming them as loudly as possible. In the company of such strong women, it's hard for the men to grab any attention, and at times the script merely uses them as trials for women to bear. Eric Kofi Abrefa as Margaret's son David has a great monologue in the second act, and he takes full advantage of it, but his character is seldom seen. Lucian Msamati as the ill husband Luke doesn't make us see what Margaret saw in him. His coughing spells seem slightly forced and his time on stage too often spent lying in a bed rob the actor of creating a complete character.

     The gospel singing alone would be reason enough to enjoy the play, and the singing exquisitely blends the voices that later become so discordant when services end. These women lose so much in their lives that is it any wonder they want to escape its horrors even if fleetingly? When Luke calmly tells his son, "Music is only a moment. Life lasts a long time," we know that prayer and faith sometimes aren't enough to carry us through our trials. These women almost—almost—made us forget the minor structural flaws in The Amen Corner; for that, they should be commended.

Relatively Speaking

One of Alan Ayckbourn's early comic gems, Relatively Speaking takes mistaken identities to new, giddy heights. With a lovely quartet of actors led by the delightfully daffy Feclicity Kendal, it's a riotous evening of continuous laughs. 

     Relatively Speaking, a comedy by revered British author Alan Ayckbourn, plays with mistaken identities but in a refreshing, surprising manner. Playing at Wyndham's Theatre for the first time in nearly fifty years, it boasts an impressive cast led by veteran Felicity Kendal and, for the most part, surefire direction by Lindsay Posner. Well worth its time for a riotous evening and boasting a simple, effective set by Peter McKintosh, Alan Ayckbourn reminds the British world of his penache for comedy.

    That being said, the first scene begins surprisingly enough in a creaky manner. Ayckbourn introduces two young lovers in the opening month of their relationship. Greg and Ginny are flush in that 1965 love where people meet and get married in no time, and Greg is ready to propose even though there are signs of stress in the relationship.  Someone calls repeatedly but hangs up, and someone sends Ginny flowers which she explains away neatly enough, but doubts remain especially when Greg overhears a phone call to Ginny where she warns the caller to stop contacting her. The scene is supposed to demonstrate tension but does so in a choppy manner as if the author were unsure how to sow the seeds of doubt. After a few awkward moments, Ginny leaves to meet her parents for the day, but Greg, determine to wed the girl, hops the same train, albeit different cars, to Ginny's parents' house.

     From here, Ayckbourn is in his element, and the plays moves like a well-oiled machine with a delightful payoff. Sheila and Philip are a congenial if temperamental older couple whose lives are about to be upturned. They exchange pleasantries about marmalade versus jam, but things twist into accusations of adultery on Sheila's part. She receives letters on Sundays—surely a sign of adultery in the 60s—and Philip is convinced of her infidelity, though she denies it. Without going into specifics, Greg and Ginny arrive separately to meet Philip and Sheila, and nobody is quite sure who they are meeting. With masterful strokes, Ayckbourn keeps this farce rolling along for way longer than it should, and the final denouement of even further infidelity is capped by a typical Ayckbourn quip delivered delightfully by Miss Kendal, "Wouldn't you like to know?"

     Comic timing being crucial to an Ayckbourn play, director Lindsay Posner has assembled a four-member team of superb actors. Bringing three decades of crisp delivery to this part, Felicity Kendal manages to make Sheila both dim witted and worldly wise, a woman thoroughly battered by events but determined to survive them. When she finally faces reality, she can bluntly declare her husband might be a psychopath and that Greg is quite mad, but in a sincere tone that says she means business. Matching her intensity, Jonathan Coy as Philip makes a good, gruff counterpart to the dingy Sheila, and Coy's individual scenes with both Sheila and Greg are priceless. Max Bennett's Greg is a nicely understated job, with hints of manic behavior and wild-eyed disbelief at the reactions of Sheila and Philip. Kara Tointon rounds out the cast as Ginny, a misguided young girl caught in a compromising situation and trying to get out. It's a complex part that she handles perhaps with more drama than is called for in a farce, but it does add a layer of emotional depth to this comedy.

     Much is made of the fact that Noël Coward, a gifted, prolific writer himself, wrote Ayckbourn a congratulatory note upon seeing the play in 1967. Ayckbourn, at the time in his late twenties, was only embarking on a long, illustrious career just as Coward's was winding down. In those forty-seven years, Ayckbourn has touched upon such myriad topics as psychological breakdown in Woman In Mind and the seductiveness of philandering in his celebrated trilogy The Norman Conquests. It is perhaps fitting to return to the beginning to remember how crisply Ayckbourn could transform an old conceit into a comic gem.

Untold Stories

The two famous Alan playwrights of Britain--Alan Bennett and Alan Ayckbourn--both still are alive and writing. The National Theatre production of Untold Stories reflects on two Alan Bennett one act plays.

     Chamber pieces require intimacy to forge a special connection with an audience. How fortuitous that the Duchess Theatre is hosting Alan Bennett's Untold Stories, a pairing of two one acts titled Hymn and Cocktail Sticks. With a theatre only fifteen rows deep, it had hosted decidedly British fare as Philip King's See How They Run, Alan Ayckbourn's Things We Do For Love, and Harold Pinter's Betrayal. Untold Stories makes an understated presence with a dry, winning performance by Alex Jennings as Alan Bennett.

     The first act, Hymn, was a commissioned piece by George Fenton, a friend of the celebrated author for a thirtieth anniversary of the Medici Quartet. Amid the quartet’s music, Alan Bennett interspersed personal recollections from his own family life, for his father played the violin, and every jarringly bad note a violinist would purposefully play would elicit a lesson from Bennett about proper playing. It doesn't make the perfect companion to Cocktail Sticks, but it involves a similar style of engaging the audience by breaking the fourth wall and commenting on churches, chamber playing, and Bennett's father.

     Cocktail Sticks is more traditional theatre fare, with four actors sharing the stage with Alex Jennings. It's a fond remembrance of coming of age episodes, of how Bennett felt that growing up in Leeds during the war robbed him of the scarring childhood that serves as great fodder for writers. By the end of the play he discovers that his childhood was merely different, not necessarily lacking in traumatic experiences but just milder ones. He recounts his parents' lack of upbringing, even though his dad was perfectly happy where he was, and his mum had a strong desire for the more social interactions. Ironically his mother's passing finally brought the very social gathering she always desired. The final moments tracing his mother's deteriorating health, beautifully acted by Gabrielle Lloyd, tug at the emotional heartstrings, but never for too long, because she pops right up to ask him if Alan found his childhood? It's an answer he discovers for himself in a deeply satisfying manner, for not all families dynamics must involve sparring family fights that leave festering wounds that mar people for life a la August: Osage County. Bennett emphasizes that even the small episodes can be dramatic even in their ordinariness.

     If you're looking for spectacle, look no further than Wicked, WarHorse, and Lion King. If you want drama, get a ticket for Sweet Bird of Youth, or for comedy, Relatively Speaking. But for an intimate evening with one of England's celebrated author’s musing on life and its moments that elicit emotions only memory can do, treat yourself to Untold Stories.

Sweet Bird of Youth

Everything about Sweet Bird of Youth, except the first scene, works wonderfully in this highly energetic and equally uneven revival. It might behove you to skip the first scene and then revel in the delights of this Tennessee William's play.

     In 2007 at a matinee performance of a new translation of The Waltz of the Toreadors at the Chichester Theatre Festival, I was struck by the discernible difference one act—or one actress—could make in a production. Veteran actor Peter Bowles led a good cast that sojourned through a pleasant but unmemorable Act I, when suddenly Act II exploded with energy with the arrival of Maggie Steed playing his invalid wife. The act involved only the husband and wife on stage but it moved effortlessly and stood out in contrast to the first act. Sadly Act III descended back into a nice but meaningless play that left one longing for Act II to return. The same experience haunted the Old Vic's preview performance of Tennessee Williams' Sweet Bird of Youth, but fortunately one leaves with the excitement of Act II outlasting the laborious first scene of Act I.

     Sweet Bird does not come to mind when listing Williams' greatest plays, but the plot certainly revolves around one of the world's grandest professions. Alexandra del Largo (Kim Cattrall) is hiding out in the town of St. Cloud, Florida, birthplace to her much younger lover, Chance Wayne (Seth Numrich). Having suffered through a disastrous comeback movie, she wants only to escape, through pills, oxygen, or sex, or perhaps all three. Chance, however, has an ulterior motive: to reunite with his high school sweetheart, appropriately named Heavenly, and rescue her from the squalid Southern life awaiting her. Equally determined to exact revenge on Chance for giving his daughter a sexually-transmitted disease, Heavenly's father, Boss Finley has his son search for the young gigolo. He needn't look far because Chance isn't hiding, but flaunting his new status as a young and rising star, so he thinks. In the end, both Alexandra and Chance have the option to escape the town, Alexandra to pursue her comeback, which was far more successful than she imagined, and Chance to escape being castrated as punishment for making Heavenly barren. Ironically the lady finds her freedom just as Chance faces up to his path of one-too-many broken dreams.

     The set design works well and functions as three different settings, from a hotel room to the Finley estate to a hotel lobby until transforming back to the hotel room of the first scene. The hotel lobby has the most dramatic scenes and the depth of the stage works for the play. Though Chance seems too far upstage for the audience's taste, it furthers heightens his outcast status from the town. The video scenes with old-fashioned TV sets that flickered as the lightning flashes were a particularly nice touch not really available for the premiere of the play so many years ago.  Still, sets, effective lighting, and spectacle can only go so far when laden with a soporific first scene. Kim Cattrall is no stranger to theatre, but her Alexandra seems particularly drugged in Act I to the point of an overdose. She and Mr. Numrich, so poignant and lively in the Broadway's revival of Golden Boy, both seem adrift with little action in the first scene. After that first scene, the play rockets to life with events playing their course, but it would suit the play better if the entire production from start to finish had a better balance. And Williams in particular seems to have thrown in every clichéd character in the universe: the slutty Finley mistress, the character-less daughter with a name screaming symbolism, the hot-tempered son, the cane-wielding Southern father, the aunt with a heart of gold, and even the country hillbilly who will receive a stern beating. It's Williams; it's to be expected; it doesn't make it great.

     Only time will tell how this production fares. It has a publicity blitz second to none with that great insurance called name recognition, so ticket sales won't be a problem. What is a problem is the uneven nature of the first scene versus the last four. Director Marianne Elliott got four out of five right; she must still fix the first one to have a truly stellar show on her hands.

Complicite: Lionboy

A groundbreaking company for over thirty years, Complicite has adapted a trilogy of childhood tales about a boy who can talk to all kinds of cats into an eclectic theatrical production. On tour throughout England, Lionboy should excite children, though it leaves adults wanting more.

     Complicite excels at taking spectacle into new and exciting directions. Their productions are considered an exceptional blend of traditional theatre telling with unconventional methods, of merging different technologies with theatre. While intriguing in its setup, Lionboy, adapted by Marcelos Dos Santos from a children's book by Zizou Cordet, doesn't completely deliver, though it's not for lack of trying and most likely due to an increasingly higher bar being set by shows like Lion King, WarHorse, and even Complicite itself. Director Annabel Arden had crafted a laudable, exhilarating effort that still leaves a frisson for something more.

     The simple plot begins with Charlie's search for his kidnapped parents, scientists whose work to cure asthma is not tolerated by the all-powerful Corporacy, maker of asthma medication. Charlie (Adetomiwa Edun) can talk to felines—one of the magical moments that fits perfectly in this play—an ability which assists him in his European and African sojourn. The Corporacy, represented by a respectable matronly director (Victoria Gould), not only kidnapped Charlie's parents but sent thug Rafi Sadler (Robert Gilbert) to pick up his son. Sergei (Clive Mendus), the local straggler cat, lets Charlie know about the kidnapping, which sends him off on an adventure. He meets a circus ship filled with a lion tamer (Femi Elufowoju Jr.) and six lions, with whom he speaks, and in his process of freeing the lions, ends up in Morocco, which coincidentally is the headquarters of the Corporacy. In this nefarious building Charlie ultimately frees his parents as well the thousands of test animals used to create the Corporacy drugs, and the play ends happily.

     This plot does not, however, do justice to the unique and creative manner that the spectacle moves the plot along. At times it's highly imaginative; at others it frustratingly hints at missed opportunities. The troupe uses a movable, circular scrim to act as the muck of a secret passageway into the headquarters, the computer core, and even to reverse an image of a lion's head merging three actors bodies behind the scrim. The lion's head, a highpoint in visual displays, left the audience hoping for more such imagery which did not come, and that visual would have been particularly effective when Charlie freed the lions. The audience saw rustling grass projected on the scrim, expecting a lion to run through it, but the grass faded and the light dimmed signaling the scrim's use was finished. At times the ensemble held a video camera to focus on a particular actor, and their face would appear on a drum nearby. This camera shone on the nefarious director, or in a moment of inspiration, on a chameleon named Ninu whose powers were not just to adapt to the environment but to adapt to whatever language she was near. Ninu (Lisa Kerr) speaks Turkish, she innocently explained, because she was in a Turkish delight box. This use of spectacle softens the bluntness of the overbearing political thought that Corporacy is bad while Charlie is good. The choice of a boxing match between the Corporacy director and Charlie works well especially in the salient points that author Corder and Dos Santos make in the business' favor, toning down the anti-Corporacy tone. A musician (Stephen Hiscock) is on stage constantly playing a sort of musical bow and arrow, and while his presence never interfered with the production, it's questionable how much it added. Most of the other music and sounds are recorded, so what does his presence serve other to demonstrate the eclectic nature of the company?

     Much credit must be given to the use of movement and sound in the production, coordinated by Clive Mendus and Kasia Zaremba-Byrne. Using precise actions to imply all kinds of cats he encounters, Adetomiwa Edun must employ movements to delineate conversations between his character Charlie and the various felines he also portrays. It's delicate and deft, and Efun fluidly pulls it off. The ensemble all play cats of some kind—Lisa Kerr gets to be different as a chameleon—and their movements are uncanny. It's not new, however, having been used in Cats and Lion King, and unfortunately for shows like this to stand out, the bar keeps getting raised. The choreography is nice and supports the show but not in ways that stand out in the mind like the puppetry of WarHorse or the circus movements on display in the Tony-winning Broadway revival of Pippin. One leaves Lionboy appreciate of the art and effort, but the memory fades, which it shouldn't considering the remarkable things this company has done. Under Arden's direction, Corder's enchanting tale of a boy who talks to lions has come to life on stage; with its focus on unusual presentations, Complicite has lifted the story high, just not high enough to reverberate as Corder's stories have done for young children everywhere.

WarHorse

Since 2009, this incredible show about a boy and his horse set against the backdrop of the Great War has enchanted audiences mainly for its deft puppetry blended with the War to End All Wars. It has lost none of its charm or potency.

     WarHorse opened in 2009 to critical rapture and set a standard for puppetry previously marked by Julie Taymor's Lion King. It has won Oliviers, Tonys, and more in the last four years, and none other than Steven Spielberg converted it into an Oscar-nominated movie. This story of a boy Albert and his horse Joey set against the backdrop of the Great War hits an emotional chord in the UK in ways other countries like the US cannot quite grasp. It shows that even grand spectacles can blend with timely themes in ways that don't drown a musical like Wicked.

     Masterfully and confidently directed by Marianne Elliott and Tom Morris, WarHorse has a gifted ensemble that tends to fade amid the animals that dominate the stage. With considerable magic spent on the animals, the flatness of the human characters stands out sharply. So much time and energy go into transforming puppeteers and puppets into animate objects that live and breathe, that the audience cares more for the death of an animal than the major who stands upon it. The main human, Albert Narracott (Siôn Daniel Young) himself doesn't discernibly grow as a person: he begins as a young lad who loves his horse, and grows into a man who joins the army not for King and country, but to reunite with his horse, whom Albert's dad sold to the military for a handsome profit. Albert does show modest signs of growth by learning to care for one of his fellow soldiers, even offering him his bicycle when the war ends. And near the end, temporarily blinded by mustard gas, he finally accepts that Joey is most likely dead. Still the play misses a marvelous opportunity for Albert to at least declare peace with his alcoholic father, but settles for sentiment by ignoring his father and hugging his mother as the light fades. It's an easy ending avoiding the harshness that life often imposes, but considering all the death and destruction the play inevitably exposes, it's an understandable choice.

     It can be argued that Joey has the true story arc, growing from a young foal to an adult horse who learns what it takes to survive. Though truly a hunter, he takes the love that Albert shows him and becomes a plow horse, saving the Narracott family farm, though Joey obviously doesn't know that. He befriends the sleeker black horse Topthorn, and even shows his ebony friend how to become a workhorse, thus saving Topthorn's life from a bullet. They struggle to move the new Krupp cannons that would cause such destruction, and yet they spent time with an adorable young French girl Emilie. In the end it is Joey, not Albert, who faces the barbed wire and mourns the loss of a friend, who, wheezing from months of exhaustion, collapses on stage, and in a swift simple motion, the puppeteers leave the hollow, lifeless shell and exit in unison. No one on stage moves until they leave, and it's as gripping and stunning a death scene as any Shakespearean tragedy.

     The set, light, and sound designs all work seamlessly as a whole. The jagged, triangular strip of parchment above the stage becomes an essential narrator and set piece, embellishing whatever set is needed: a field needing plowing, the no man's land of trench warfare, the bells that tolled the beginning of the Great War, and the bells of Armistice Day signalling the end of one of Europe's greatest struggles. The parchment could even become an animated film strip showing a boy riding his horse in the fields just before the lights shine on a parallel action with Albert and Joey. Little set is needed when an imagination will suffice. Ensembles members become the fences that hold Joey in, carry boats to symbolize crossing the channel, and show, with devastating strobe lights, how a machine gun rendered the charge of cavalry pointless. Yet the British persisted, for if ever a people were wedded to tradition, it's the British, and this war exposed the outdated method of fighting on all sides. The lights, when dimmed and mixed with fog and shadow, made for isolated fox holes and barbed wire hells; when bonnie and gold, became dappled fields for horses to frolic. The sound effects never overpower and the singing was best when heard offstage with no lights.

     WarHorse takes its major theme that war is hell on all participants, and makes it universal in its ambivalence. With the exception of a sadistic German officer who offs Albert's cousin with his own knife in Act I, the play shows all soldiers as humans capable of both cruelty and kindness. German Friedrich Müller (a sensitive Ian Shaw) rescues both Joey and Topthorn from the certain death of more cavalry charges by making them hospital cart animals. Müller even fakes his own death temporarily, befriends the French girl Emelie, and nurses both animals to relative health until the German army commandeers them again. When Joey is trapped in the barbed wire of No Man's Land, both a German and English soldier attempt to rescue him, jointly cutting the wire away, and flipping a coin to determine whose veterinarian gets to treat Joey. (In a similar vein, a New York City playwright Perez Gonzalez composed a play called In Fields Where They Lay, exploring the first Christmas truce of 1914, where soldiers on the Western Front played games and exchanged small presents before resuming fighting the next day.) This theme not only lends itself to great theatre but also to historical scholarship, making WarHorse a two-for-one bargain of history lesson and spectacular theatre.

     Only the hardest of hearts will leave WarHorse unmoved, and practiced theatre goers understand the emotional manipulation going on. The skilled art of puppetry is so convincing, the transformation so complete, that the minor quibbles melt away in the face of the unmistakable, universal bond between a boy and his beloved animal.

Pinter's Hothouse

Simon Russell Beale leads a good cast in this revival of Harold Pinter's The Hothouse. It lives up to its reputation as a black comedy with lots of humor to both lighten and accentuate the dark underpinings of this brutal ode to the British way of continuing traditional ways of doing things when no longer appropriate.

     With his hierarchy of important elements that constitute a good play, Aristotle would have shredded The Hothouse by Harold Pinter. It contains all six elements but Pinter hides the plot from his reader, uses ambiguous actions that push an unclear thought, employs language in a manner that reads poorly, and the music and spectacle seem like afterthoughts. Even Pinter himself called it "quite useless," abandoning it for two decades before revisiting it. (Matt Trueman, The Independent, May 8, 2013)

     Plot being supreme, The Hothouse has one but it remains hidden until the final scene of the play. Mr. Roote commands the asylum with a cadre of subordinates including Gibbs, Lush, Lamb, Tubb, and the only female Miss Cutts. In the course of the play we learn one patient has died and one has become impregnated and has given birth, and Roote wants answers. In that search we have events that do not move the plot. What purpose does the scene between Lamb and Cutts serve other than to display her as the resident whore and Lamb as a subservient vassal? Why is Lamb submitted to shock treatment except to underscore that institutional corruption allowed the leaders to punish one of their own as they punished the patients? And while Pinter certainly uses peripety to reveal that Roote's actions led to his demise, it is done in a way that leads to further questions that undermine the plot. Gibbs' questionable survival raises doubts as to the veracity of his tale. Did Roote commit some unspeakable crimes that resulted in a patient uprising, or is that merely Gibbs' cover story to hide his own naked ambition? It seemed rather remarkable that the patients attacked only a select few staff members and then returned quietly to their previous existence. No sane person would accept such a story without verification, and yet that seems precisely what Lobb, the last new character, does. It is one thing to expect a twist in an Agatha Christie play; it's another to get things upended entirely in The Hothouse.

     Even the thought gets lost in the script. Is this an insane asylum with truly sick patients run by an increasingly out-of-touch staff sickened by an encroaching corruption, or is this a political rehabilitation center akin to the Kremlin brainwashing centers? Is Pinter raging against the Big Brother state, or how Big Brother ideals can corrupt all institutions, or how individuals can be corrupted? The general interpretation leans towards internal corruption that seems to creep into all institutions no matter how benign the original purpose may be.

     The language, the music and the spectacle all seem at odds with each other. Merely reading the text does not reveal much of its hidden context, and the rapid-fire delivery does much to camouflage the darker aspects of the theme. The noises inbetween scenes add even more uncertainty: the droning noises that often ends scenes have multiple interpretations. Is it Lamb being tortured by Gibbs, or some random, moaning patient, or perhaps some staff member being crucified by the unsupervised patients? None of this is clear; maybe it isn't supposed to be. And why resurface Lamb in a catatonic state at the end when Gibbs says Lamb has disappeared?

     Aristotle might not savage The Hothouse in this manner, but he would take issue with it. It's a confusing, awkward mixture of the six elements that seems to be at odds with itself.

Ronald Dahl's Matilda

The runaway hit and 2012 Olivier winner of Best Musical, 
Matilda is a delightful campy sendup of all childhood creepy tales. With clearly defined villains, especially Miss Trunchbull, and heartwarming heroines, it's a superb blend of sweetness and tartness.

     It's a rare privilege to see a darkly, decadent work like Matilda made for the stage in an equally dark, decadent manner. Though the first song dotes on children being miracles, many a teacher knows that though miracles they be, they can act otherwise. Thankfully these children are neither miracles nor monsters; they're children, deserving a childhood. These children, and some adults, are terrorized by the evil Miss Trunchbull, the epitome of all childhood evils—and not unlike some school leaders we've known—and this play, thanks to the resourcefulness and magic of a girl named Matilda and the good souls she meets, banishes the evil, if only for a little while.

     Ronald Dahl's classic tale has already been made into a motion picture where special effects are easier to produce than on a stage. Still the design of floating bookshelves and prison-block design goes a long way in crafting a creepy netherworld. Ironically the letters that form so much of the proscenium arch emphasize both how educated Matilda is and how much others pale in comparison to her. After all, Matilda reads books like Kim, War and Peace, Little Dorrit, and Anna Karenina in a week and taught herself Russian in order to enjoy Dostoyevsky's masterpiece Crime and Punishment in its original tongue. Crisp lighting signifies hallways without an actual hallway, and the desks come up miraculously from the floor. The only furniture brought on were tacky home furniture for the Wormwood home and some exercise equipment for the hysterical gym scene where Miss Trunchbull sings the delightful "The Smell of Rebellion."

     And yet the dark atmosphere is lightened by little touches here and there. The cast of big and little children have a wistful second act song called "When I Grow Up" complete with swings that evoke childhood memories. Matilda's interactions with the librarian Mrs. Phelps and with her teacher Miss Honey are the closest thing to normality Matilda will ever experience, and those scenes flow smoothly and naturally. And the play allows three actresses the ability to form solid, credible human beings. One of the first to appreciate Matilda's talent is librarian Mrs. Phelps, played by Melanie La Barrie, who created a similar wordsmith seven years ago in Mary Poppins. Miss Honey (Haley Flaherty) instantly recognizes the gifted girl inside Mathilda, and upon offering her extra work to stimulate her mind, Matilda embraces the mother figure she always wanted. Flaherty has a winsome stage presence that compliments Matilda's character. And the most human of all is a little girl who fantasizes of other worlds to replace the world in which she lives. Cristina Fray creates a steady, deadpan girl who creates vivid stories as vibrant as Dahl's himself, stands up for what's right, and even develops telekinetic powers to fight the foul Miss Trunchbull. She just wants normal parents and a normal life, things out of reach in Dahl's universe.

     As for abnormality, the play has characters deliciously over the top. Matilda's shyster father (a decadent Steve Furst) gets everything wrong: he thinks he can swindle the Russian mafia, constantly calls Matilda his son, and thinks all there is to know comes from the telly. Matilda's mother is worse, if that's possible. Mrs. Wormwood (loud and brassy Madeleine Harland) worships competitive dancing and thinks books are less important than looks. She has wonderful dance scene with her Latin dance partner Roberto (Marc Antolin, overtly masculine). Even more of a caricature is Matilda's brother Michael (Billy Callum) who merely repeats words other people say. The piece de resistance belongs to David Leonard, who brings brilliant comic timing and just the perfect touch of dramatic pauses to make Miss Trunchbull one of the great villains of children's stories. Whether preening, prancing, or planning some despicable spot of revenge on whatever poor soul happens to be near, it's a part a great actor can appreciate.

     Ronald Dahl died shortly after composing this story, but this blend of adorable childhood tales with the creatures under the bed will live on. There is no saccharine in this play, not even during curtain call—Miss Trunchbull, riding a scooter, calls Matilda a maggot—and isn't it wonderful?

Midsummer Night's Dream

The Globe Theatre in the heart of London puts on several great productions a year, but this summer's exquisite Midsummer Night's Dream will set a mark for some time to come for its blend of music, acting, staging, and dare I say it, clogging and hamming. With the one exception of a glaringly-uninterested Puck, it's a winning production that makes the audience understand why Shakespeare is a master.
 
Photo by Ron Tan of John Light as Oberon holding up Matthew Tennyson as Puck.

     Should a year go by without one production of A Midsummer Night's Dream, then the city isn't London. With a trio of plays rotating the Globe, the most famous of them draws a steady crowd with its fantastical whimsy and its creative and deceptively simple staging. And if ninety-five percent of the cast seem firmly on the same page, the other five only deviate but slightly, making today's audience understand why its centuries' old counterpart would have packed the houses for diversionary entertainment.

     Everyone should know the intertwining tales of love, of Theseus and Hypolita, Oberon and Titania, Hermia and Lysander, Helena and Demetrius. Jealousies rage as true love leads both Hermia and Helena to chase after forbidden loves, and the best laid plans form a train wreck of mistaken identifies further complicating a dense enough plot as it is. (On paper it would help if the two young women had more dissimilar names; in production, no one confuses the two.) Though magic flowers might trick people to fall in love, it's the wrong people who desire each other, and setting everything right is more than half the fun.

     And yet there are new treasures to mine after half a millennium. The travelling troupe of poor actors have been given a new lease on hilarity with a cramped fake stage, lewd crevices in walls, and even a carpenter who attempts scenic repairs while the play-within-a-play commences. Pearce Quigley presents the drollest Bottom that manages to elicit laughter in a non-scene-stealing manner, and the troupe has also affected a style of clogging that not only underscores their unity as a group but also announces their arrival long before they are seen on stage. The troupe's reunion consequently carries an emotional level not usually associated with Midsummer. The spectacle would have been little different from the Bard's day with characters becoming the forest by merely holding branches or striking poses, and the faeries making effective use of two hanging ropes to imply their flighty natures. The music also formed a lovely harmony fitting perfectly with the tone of the production, especially when the vocal talent came from such expressive actresses playing Peaseblossom and Mustardseed.

     Actors playing Puck, Nick Bottom, and the young lovers usually dominate the show, and many community theatres separate the actors playing Oberon and Theseus, Titania and Hypolita. Here the monarchs hold their just rewards, and in the hands of Michelle Terry and John Light, it's understandable they command our attention. Mr. Quigley's performance already delights, but it's the young ones who seem most adrift, Puck in particular. Director Dominic Droomgoole attempts to tamp down upon the puckish nature of the sprite, robbing Puck of his mischievous spark. He's the ultimate teenager—teenage spirit? —but having an emotionally unattached Puck is akin to a Norma Desmond not caring about her close-up. The four young lovers seem bland, though it's a natural take to have these characters become increasingly dirty as they would wandering through a briarwood with decreasingly fewer amounts of clothes. Thank goodness they are trim and fit.

     Still if the youth seem unsure of themselves, it's a small blemish in a bold production that manages so many things well. The horridly bad play of Pyramis and Thisbe elevated this comedy into a continuous riot festival of belly laughs. Actors like Terry, Light, and Quigley anchor the play and make the audience marvel that three hours could pass so trippingly, as if on a fantasy jaunt into the woods.

Merrily We Roll Along

The Menier Chocolate Factory has revived numerous Stephen Sondheim musicals, and their latest to move to the West End is the poignant 
Merrily We Roll Along, an adult musical that explores the emotional breakup of three good friends from 1957 to 1976. With three great leads and a time challenging conceit--the musical works backwards chronologically--this Sondheim gem can change your life.
 
Photo by Ron Tan of (l-r) Mark Umbers, Damian Humbley, and Jenna Russell

     I had never heard of the musical but was a fan of Masterpiece Theatre and Great Performances on Channel 13 on an old black and white TV, so when the TV Guide outlined a special event for Sweeney Todd: the Demon Barber of Fleet Street starring Angela Lansbury, I chose to watch and luckily to videotape. That was 1985 and thus began my love of musicals and my admiration for the incredible, and incredibly eclectic, Stephen Sondheim. Some twenty-seven years later that admiration has grown with the recent revival of Merrily We Roll Along at the Harold Pinter theatre in London.

     Sondheim has rarely tackled frothy, light confections—just look at his demon barbers and assassins—and Merrily is no exception. It poignantly traces the bittersweet path of three close friends and the lives that intersect the trio of Franklin Shephard, Mary Flynn, and Charles Kringas, but George Furth's book takes a reverse journey. The audience travels backwards over many years starting with the bitter end and building the blocks that will come tumbling down eventually. It's a clever convention allowing for moments fraught with meaning only reticent adults appreciate. We feel pity for these people and we want them to make different choices, though we know they won't. Starting in 1976 and working back to 1957, we watch marriages end as affairs begin, friendships crash and then the first flickers when friends meet on a rooftop to witness Sputnik. Money and success have often toppled the happiest of people, and it's bittersweet to see the characters grow progressively happier as the play moves further into the past.

     Great irony lies with the fact that in one of Sondheim's songs, he decries the lack of a hummable tune when Franklin and Charles are attempting to sell their first song. It's a charge often unfairly leveled at the octogenarian who specializes in complicated harmonies and even more in dissonances. In most Sondheim musicals, one song manages to linger in the mind—"Agony" from Into the Woods, "Send in the Clowns" from Night Music—and here the haunting melody is "Not a Day Goes By." At first we hear it as a blistering, searing fury as Beth, Franklin's wife, is suing for divorce, and Clare Foster in a daring moment of minimalist acting, hardly moves as she sings her indictment of her husband's infidelity and how not a day goes by can she escape it. In the second act the song resurfaces with a flushing younger Beth using the words to emphasize her endless devotion, but it's the second voice that adds an even further moment of melancholy. In one of her best roles in years Jenna Russell renders the heart asunder as the forlorn Mary Flynn, secretly in love with Franklin but never able to fulfill that love. Miss Russell deconstructs her character from crass harpy to wide-eyed idealist, and it's a thing of beauty to behold the transformation.

     Adult musicals dealing with serious topics are rare in a frothy world of Singing in the Rain, Top Hat, and Spamalot. Thank goodness there is still room for a show that makes one think and recall the wisdom that comes from making a decision one regrets.

Top Hat

Delightful, frothy, with heavenly dancing, Top Hat has successfully been transmitted to the West End stage. The plot is thorough nonsense, but you are swept away by the dancing, the music, and the pleasantness of the whole evening. Irving Berlin would not be prouder.
 

     Plays often inspire movies, but lately the trend has reversed: movies are inspiring new plays or musicals. Some transformations have been ghastly—Carrie and Ghost come to mind—while others seem more natural fits. Singing in the Rain and Top Hat are two West End shows that define this trend, and the fact that they were musical movies doesn't hurt. With their emphasis on song and dance, they provide delightful escapist fun in a world of darker fare like Once, Matilda, and Les Miserables.

     The older of the two movies, Top Hat was a prime vehicle for Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire, but the plot isn't exactly earth shattering. In fact, most of these musicals had stories made of gossamer serving as flimsy connectors between song and dance numbers. Jerry Travers, fresh from a three-year Broadway success, is crossing the pond to perform in a show produced by Horace Hardwick. Jerry naturally shares Horace's suite, and his late night tap dancing awakens a lovely model, Dale Tremont, who is also a friend of Horace's wife Madge. Sparks fly instantly between Jerry and Dale, who, before you know it, are dancing around the stage like, well, Astaire and Rogers. In a mixup involving room numbers, Dale mistakes single Jerry for the very married Horace, and even Madge finds the whole thing laughable because she never thought her husband had a backbone. Looking out for his friend Jerry, Horace orders his manservant Bates to follow Dale, and Bates assumes disguises more quickly than Benny Hill. Eventually everyone who's anyone is sorted out but the manner is so light and disarming that one doesn't question the brain power of these people.

     In musicals like this, one doesn't search for believability but likability—one asks not how Jerry grows as a human being—and here the cast is charmingly in top form. Stephen Boswell is the perfect John Gielgud-style butler, and his getups are increasingly hilarious. As the over-expressive Latin lover Alberto, who designs the clothes Dale wears, Alex Gaumond has a great solo "Latin Knows How," reminiscent of another Alberto from that goofy musical The Drowsy Chaperone. Clive Hayward is a nicely harried Horace and Vivien Parry is his nicely acerbic wife Madge. Together their eleventh hour duet "Outside of That, I Love You" presents the typical bickering husband/wife team. But the star attractions, and its greatest assets, are the duo of Gavin Lee and Kristen Beth Williams, who form a seamless pair who should fall in love. Having originated the role of Bert in Mary Poppins in London and transferring to Broadway, Gavin Lee was running perilously close to being known only for that role. It's rewarding to see him in something different, especially when he seems so relaxed. Making her West End debut, Miss Williams is delightful and vivacious, a perfect match to Gavin Lee, doing everything backwards and in heels.

     And oh the dancing and those immortal songs! When the curtain rises, the tap dancing commences immediately and the dancing seldom stops. Choreographer Bill Deamer has recreated an era of dance that appears very contemporary and the Lee/Williams dances are heavenly. Irving Berlin, the pre-eminent author of American musicals, penned classics like "Puttin' on the Ritz," "Let's Face the Music and Dance," and "Cheek to Cheek." The costumes by John Morrell capture the mood of the era while not merely copying the clothes, and the set uses six sliding panels to cover the seamless scene changes. It's easy to understand why Top Hat won the Olivier for Best Musical. With so many things working in its favor, it's hard to find fault with something so effervescent.

Billy Elliot

Billy Elliot manages to blend seemingly opposite things: a gritty, coal-mining revolution with a kid who wants to learn ballet; a heart-warming show that simultaneously unsentimental at moments. Whatever the blend, it's a triumph of the soul, captured in the beauty of dance.
 

     For some unfathomable reason, I have avoided Billy Elliot, and whenever an opportunity arose, I chose something else to see. In 2009, I witnessed five of the eight Tony winning performances, and it could have been seven if I had added this show. (One show closed before I could see all eight winners.) Like WarHorse, this marvelous production blends history with theatre: the coal strike of the 80s which Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher crushed, and the story of a talented young boy who wants to pursue the very unmanly art of ballet. This successful merge makes for great storytelling while displaying the art of dance in multiple forms.

     The parallel plots expose a sharp contrast between two forces that want to achieve something of importance. On one hand, you have the Northern coal miners who struck for fair wages. These people are all a tough lot—Billy's grandma sings about how, if she could live her life again, she'd never be sober because she was happiest when pissed—and the 80s weren't kind to the British. Their songs involve parodies of Margaret Thatcher, confrontations with police who protected the scabs crossing the picket lines, and commentary on their dreary lives. On the other hand, you see Billy who literally accidentally starts attending ballet classes to discover, to his shock, that he not only likes it, he's quite good at it. Billy's conflicts come in many forms. His father and brother, all manly, drinking men, staunchly disapprove; the girls in the ballet class are at first dismissive and then jealous; and even his ballet teacher has choice words for Billy when he's late for his audition. These two plots merge in a gorgeous display of dancing for the Act I finale when Billy dances away his frustrations at his father's forbidding him to dance while police in full riot gear block Billy the same way they block the striking miners.

     Despite the stark parallel plots, there is plenty of room to pull at emotional heartstrings. Grandma's early song introduces a quirky lady who likes to hide moldy pasties while sticking the bird at people. For shameless emotional manipulation, Billy's mother is dead but appears periodically for poignant songs like "Dear Billy." For something different, however, we see Billy's best friend friend Michael who relieves stress by dressing in women's clothes. When Billy looks questioningly at his friend, Michael says matter-of-factly, that "me Dad does it all the time."

     The show unobtrusively makes dance a crucial part of the show. The young ballerinas are initially quite awful, as is Billy (an excellent Redmand Rance at this performance) at first, but later in the finale and curtain call they are quite graceful. In one scene Billy pairs with an older version of himself (graceful Alexander Loxton), and together they perform a sweeping ballet to Swan Lake that brings rapturous applause. Michael and Billy share a dance number while donning female clothes, and Billy's Grandma (a delightful Ann Emery) fondly recalls her dancing days. Even Billy's Dad (gruff yet sympathetic Deka Walmsley) converts to his son's side and dances a little, though the sight of a male in white tights drives him to his breaking point. It works effortlessly.

     Billy Elliot, a very good musical, strives for greatness while adding liberal doses of sentimentality. Thankfully even the saddest parts involving his Mum are broken with deadpan humor. When his dance teacher says the she must have been a special lady, Billy responds innocently, "No. She was just me Mam." It's those moments of unforced starkness that makes Billy Elliott the charmer that it is.

The Cripple of Inishmaan

Michael Grandage has assembled a fine ensemble cast with Daniel Radcliffe playing the title character in Martin McDonogh's The Cripple of Inishmaan. Though the setting is stark and the lives are rough, this play is all heart when it comes to Cripple Billy and his life choices.
 
Photo by Johan Persson of Daniel Radcliffe and Sarah Greene

     At its core, The Cripple of Inishmaan has a sentimental heart surrounded by a harsh Irish landscape of the 1930s. Filled with memorable characters, it's a traditional tale of growing up and gaining independence. The fact that the title character is a cripple, referred to both derisively and affectionately as Cripple Billy, makes the play sharp and poignant, and definitely worth seeing.

     Cripple Billy has had to endure an awful lot in his dreary town. When he was a baby, his parents drowned under questionable circumstances but that provided the funds that saved Billy's life. With a limp leg and a stiff arm, he shuffles along his miserable life, living with two quirky aunts in a town so small that the only form of entertainment is the gossip—sorry, the news—delivered by a male version of Hedda Hopper, Johnnypateen. Billy longs to be seen as normal, has a fancy for Helen, and even wants to be called just Billy. His chance to escape comes in the form of a movie being filmed nearby, and Billy flees to Hollywood, his ticket to normality and independence.

     McDonogh has managed to keep Cripple in a comic vein, and there's plenty of humor listening to the characters cut each other down even though they all love each other, sort of. Johnnypateen regularly barters food for his "news," but everyone pretty much finds him a waste of space. Even his ninety year old mother, who still regularly pickles herself with alcohol, calls him a stupid fecker, an Irish way of saying something normally done only with asterisks. The town tart, Helen McCormick, regularly drops eggs on friend and foe alike, especially on her brother Bartley, particularly because he's so gullible. Billy's two spinster aunts, who raised Billy, are true comic gems who often finish each other's sentences, talk to stones, and are devastated when Billy goes to Hollywood without so much as a word goodbye.

     And yet the play is devoid of cheap sentiment. Confucius once wrote that only a kind man knows how to hate, and Babbybobby fits the bills. A truly soft-hearted man who lost his wife to tuberculosis, he's not above seriously beating several other characters in the play, and these actions draw the play into its darkest territory. The doctor is the most normal character, though when the town slut joins a nunnery, he testifies, though without saying how he knows, that she is indeed a slut. Just when the audience thinks they know the events concerning the drowning of Billy's parents, McDonogh throws not one but two ironic twists that leave the audience guessing. And Billy's eventual denouement has a bittersweet tinge, one dream may be realized but it comes with an unexpected price.

     One of the joys of this play lies in its ensemble setup, and even Cripple Billy is a part of a whole versus a part that dominates the script. The drawing power of Daniel Radcliffe obviously helps but even better is the genuinely moving character he creates both physically and emotionally. The male ensemble all do fine jobs, but it's the females that get the best lines. As Aunties Kate and Eileen, Ingrid Craigie and especially Gillian Hanna, respectively make the two aunts believable, touching portraits of spinsters. June Watson as Mammy hardly moves in her two scenes, trapped in a bed or a wheelchair, but she brings cracking good timing to the play especially when ordered by her son to cough. Sarah Greene provides spark as feisty Helen, but it's her one brief moment of kindness that stays with you.

     The Cripple of Inishmaan boasts fine direction, a smashing cast, and a smart McDonogh script. Together the combination makes for a fine theatrical production.

The Woman In Black

West End's longest running play, after The Mousetrap, The Woman in Black is a curious thing with a singular purpose: to frighten the wits from its audience. It's been doing that for twenty-four straight years and shows no sign of stopping. Stephen Malatratt has adapted the chilling book by Susan Hill into a West End phenomenon that has been playing in the same Fortune Theatre and has now entered it's twenty-fifth year. 

     Certain plays have a singular purpose, none more so than The Woman in Black. It's a theatrical conceit designed to scare its audience, and it does so exceedingly well, having lasted twenty-five years in the same Fortune Theatre in London. The fact that Susan Hill's novel is required reading in most schools guarantees it an audience for the next twenty-five years.

     The play begins simply with Mr. Kipps, an older gentleman on stage holding a leather bound book and droning on, "It was 9:30 on Christmas Eve." Before being bored to tears, a young actor appears to give the Mr. Kipps the courage to tell his tale. Mr. Kipps has hired the nameless actor to help him tell his family a story that has haunted him for years. Using a theatrical trick of the trade, the actor assumes the part of a younger Mr. Kipps, while the older Mr. Kipps will become all the people his younger soul encountered. From there for most of the show, the actor remains Mr. Kipps the younger, while Mr. Kipps portrays all the villagers of Crythin Gifford.

     The plays resorts to nearly every scare tactic available to frighten its audience. It begins nicely by hinting that all is not well when elderly Alice Drablow has died and no one in the firm wants to go to the funeral or deal with the paperwork. Far from London, the Drablow estate is reachable only at low tide, and no one except a loner named Keckwick will bring Mr. Kipps there in a pony and trap. Dark lighting casts the funeral in shadows where Mr. Kipps may or may not see a woman shrouded in black. A light display shows the decrepit mansion at the end of the Nine Lives Causeway, and lights behind a scrim serve as both the cemetery near the house and some of the rooms in the house. Chief among the scare elements, a lone Victorian era door remains locked for long spells until in later scenes it jerks open to freak the audience and reveal a perfectly preserved young boy's room. Clocks' bonging, screams, and a rocking chair all provide the prerequisite noises for genuine frights.

     All the special effects in the world would mean little without four men: author Stephen Mallatratt, director Robin Herford, and the two actors on the stage. Mallatratt took Susan Hill's book and adapted it in a way that moves swiftly and sends chills down the spine. Director Herford has steered Mallatratt's creation for twenty-five successful years, bringing multiple layers of depth to the stage via scrims and back lighting, and blanketing it with copious amounts of fog when needed. And unless the two men on stage are totally dedicated to this story, it won't work. There have been twenty nine different pairs playing the two men—I’ve seen three—and this duo is quite effective. Tim Delap, as the actor who becomes the young Mr. Kipps, is particularly effective as he moves from wide-eyed innocent to world-weary soul. Crawford Logan as the older gentleman, though still good, is a bit too reserved; one doesn't sense his desperation that his story must be told or he cannot continue functioning as a human. He's quite good at becoming all the other characters, but his Mr. Kipps begins the play without visible internal motivation.

     Still Mallatratt and Herford have so fine-tuned the play that it succeeds despite this minor flaw. Let us see if it lasts another quarter century.

Rock of Ages

A purposefully goofy send-up to 80s music, Rock of Ages delights by being delightfully absurd. With over thirty rock songs from the 80s and a cast of cheery hopefuls, this play wins you over in spite of your reservations. Essentially a rock concert inside the Garrick, it brings you to your feet clapping and having a rollicking good time.

     I have witnessed quite a few shows in the Garrick Theatre since my first theatre trip in 2006, and I am constantly amazed at the myriad shows the building has hosted. It held an intimate revival of Jeffrey Bernard Is Unwell with Tom Conti, a delightful show about London's celebrated journalist and notorious drunkard. It's also been the home of the highly Spanish flavored Zorro, an Olivier-winning recount of the famous sword fighter. It can transform into a Swedish country estate for the charming revival of Stephen Sonheim's A Little Night Music starring Hannah Waddington, and now it reinvents itself for the Rock and Roll musical Rock of Ages, complete with Jack Daniel posters proclaiming "I did WHAT with my sister?" and front of house attendants dressed as 80s groupies. It represents a new sub-genre of musical theatre where one takes the songs of one group or era and merges a story around the music. Queen music in We Will Rock You, ABBA music in Mamma Mia!, Peter Allen's songs in The Boy from Oz, Billy Joel's songs in Moving Out, all fit the mold, and now Rock of Ages joins the group. The fact that it succeeds is a tribute to the song choices, the good cast, and the raw energy on the stage.

     One of the pleasures of this subgenre is the wide range of songs allowing numerous actors a blazing moment in the spotlight, and even more curiously, how the song he or she sings fits with the plot. For example, Rachel McFarlane, as strip club owner Justice, sings "Every Rose Has Its Thorn," but it morphs into an ensemble piece that everyone sings but McFarlane dominates. Simon Lipkin as Lonny and Daniel Fletcher as Dennis, turn the song "I Can't Fight This Feeling Any Longer" into a homoerotic song about their friendship. Jodi Jacobs as Regina lets "We're Not Going to Take It" be her protest song to rally people against the demolition, and Rohan Tickell as Hertz uses REO speedwagon's "Keep on Loving You" to declare his love for his son Franz. More than once, two characters had dueling songs: Natalie Andreou as Sherrie sings "Hate Myself for Loving You" while Tim Howar as Stacee Jaxx counters with "Heat of the Moment" to explain why he had a one-night stand with her and why she's still attracted to the former lead singer of a rock band. The musical has over thirty 80s songs that work in propelling the play along.

     Rock of Ages has a typical plot: boy meets girl, boy loses girl, boy finds girl again, and all is right. Mix in liberal doses of 80s references, loud hair styles, Madonna style clothing, and rock bands, and you still will miss the rest of the plot. Drew meets Sherry in Los Angeles, where they both work at a famous Sunset Strip rock club owned by Dennis but run by faithful sidekick Lonny. Drew and Sherrie have similar dreams that get sidetracked--he is a rocker who gets repackaged into boy band material, she is an actress reduced to stripping--and though they love each other, they lose each other in the process. In the meantime a German developer named Hertz and his tender son Fritz want to tear down the strip malls and bars to replace them with huge conglomerates. The mayor's assistant Regina, recently fired for speaking out against the German developers, arranges protest marches but to no avail. Eventually Drew and Sherrie are reunited, the German investors change their minds, leaving the rock club open, and everyone lives happily ever after, even Dennis, who in the epilogue has died and now shows up in angel's wing throwing copious amounts of silvery confetti.

     Except for a few actors, deep character analysis is not required. In fact the liberal doses of self-mockery add immensely to the giddy, guilty pleasures of the show. As the leads Ross Hunter and Natalie Andreou sing excellently and Andreou in particular gets to strut a wide range of emotions, especially in silly dream sequences. Jodi Jacobs and Sandy Moffat have a delightful duo in Pat Benatar's "Hit Me With Your Best Shot," and Moffat has one of the best comebacks for an accusation of homosexuality: "I'm just German." Daniel Fletcher is a delightful hippie, Tim Howar is an appropriate has-been as Stacee Jaxx—Howar's voice is incredible—and Rachel McFarlane has a heart of gold as Justice. But it's Simon Lipkin as Lonny, the erstwhile narrator, who captures the mind and the heart. In a similar fashion to Henry Winkler on Happy Days, Lipkin stands out with his comedic timing, powerful singing, and quick comebacks.

     On this three week jaunt, I will see twenty-three plays, and so far WarHorse, Matilda, Strange Interlude, and—dare I say it—Rock of Ages have been highlights. You'll leave the Garrick joyful, even as you recognize the noise of the Northern train roll by. Rock of Ages was a rock concert hidden inside a musical, and when the cast has its audience standing and clapping during the finale and singing the classic "Don't Stop Believing," they've done something right.

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